What is the definition of electrostatic discharge?

The definition of electrostatic discharge refers to a sudden release of stored static electricity. This phenomenon occurs when there is a significant difference in electric potential between two objects, typically when one object accumulates excess charge and the other has a lower charge. When the potential difference becomes great enough, the accumulated charge can rapidly equalize, resulting in a discharge. This process can be triggered by various factors, including contact with another surface, which allows for the rapid transfer of charge, or by the presence of conductive materials that facilitate this discharge.

The other options describe different electrical concepts. A gradual loss of charge refers to a slow process and does not encapsulate the instantaneous nature of electrostatic discharge. An electric surge caused by a storm pertains to high voltage increases due to atmospheric conditions, which is distinct from the concept of static electricity. Lastly, a constant flow of electric current describes a continuous flow of electrical charge, which is entirely different from the transient nature of a discharge. Understanding that electrostatic discharge is characterized by its suddenness helps in recognizing its implications in various fields, especially in electronics, where it can damage sensitive components.